基于绿洲的新疆主体功能区划可利用水资源指标探讨

Discussion on the Available Water Resources Index for Major Function Zoning in Xinjiang

正确测算和评价水资源潜力是开展主体功能区划的关键基础工作之一。本文针对干旱区水资源耗散特点,以新疆为例,提出了基于绿洲的地均可利用水资源潜力指标,并明确了指标的计算流程及等级划分阈值;在分析了新疆可利用水资源潜力空间分布特征的基础上,采用人均水资源潜力和绿洲地均水资源潜力指标评价了新疆可利用水资源潜力,结果表明,绿洲地均水资源潜力与可利用水资源潜力空间分布特征较为一致,相比人均水资源潜力能更好地反映新疆水资源的丰缺状况,更适宜作为新疆主体功能区划分中可利用水资源的评价指标。本研究所提出绿洲地均水资源潜力指标的设计思路及计算流程可为西部其它干旱地区可利用水资源潜力评价指标的合理设计提供借鉴。

Proper measurement and evaluation of the potential of water resources is one of the key basic works for major function zoning.There are great differences in territorial size,geographical conditions and socio-economic functions among different regions due to the great diversity of natu-ral environment,resources endowments and social economy in our country,so it is impossible to implement the provincial major function zoning based on the national unified index.Besides,the distribution of population in Western arid areas is uneven,and the density of population is quite dif-ferent among different cities and is far below the national average.The available-water-resourc-es-per-capita-index（WCI）is one of the most commonly used indices for the evaluation of water re-sources,but its application in western arid region is not as satisfied as expected.Affected by the characteristics of population and water resources distribution,WCI cannot effectively reflect the re-al condition of water resources in arid areas,and as a result,affecting the accuracy of the major function zoning.Therefore,studies and experiments on some special regions are needed to get suit-able evaluation index for provincial major function zoning.In this study,based on the characteris-tics of water resources dissipation in Xinjiang,a new water resources evaluation index,i.e.avail-able-water-resources-per-unit-oasis-area-index（WOI）was put forward and the computational pro-cedure and hierarchies threshold of it were defined.Moreover,the potential of available water re-sources was evaluated by both WOI and WCI based on the analysis of spatial distribution character-istic of available water resources in Xinjiang.The following are the main conclusions：1）The spa-tial distribution of water resources in Xinjiang is significantly uneven,and the water resource in most regions is relatively scarce;2）Compared with available-water-resources-per-capita,the spa-tial distribution characteristic of available-water-resources-per-unit-oasis-area is more similar with that of available water resources,which indicates that WOI could better reflect the status of avail-able water in Xinjiang;3）The water resources evaluation results by WOI could better describe the distributions of water-rich and water-lack regions,and WOI is also proved to be a more suitable in-dex for the evaluation of available water resources in Xinjiang Major Function Zoning.The design and computational procedure of the WOI put forward in this paper would provide references for ra-tional design of water resources evaluation index for other western arid regions.