眉山市小麦条锈病发病气象因子及防治对策研究

Study on the Meteorological Factors and Wheat Stripe Rust and its Controlling Measures in Meishan City

小麦条锈病是四川小麦生产上的主要病害之一,每年均有不同程度的发生,其最大特点是暴发和流行迅速,给产量造成巨大影响。进入20世纪90年代中后期以来,四川麦区小麦条锈病每年都处于高发状态,尤其是1999—2002年,条锈病连续数年的大发生造成平均每年300万t以上的粮食损失。现阶段研究发现:种植品种、气象条件和条锈病菌源量是影响条锈病发生程度的主要因素。据调查,目前大部分小麦品种对条锈病的抗性已经丧失,气象条件是影响或左右小麦条锈病发生、消长和危害的最直接生态环境因素,二者关系甚为密切。因此研究小麦条锈病发生流行与气象条件的关系、发生流行的气象环境成因、气候分区、气象预测预报,不断提高对病害预测预报技术水平,对于小麦条锈病的防治有着积极的指导作用。该文收集整理了眉山市1994—2007年小麦条锈病发病范围和发病程度资料以及同期相关气象数据,分析了1994—2007年连续14年眉山市小麦条锈病发病程度与小麦生长期内平均相对湿度、日照总时数、平均温度、总降雨量、降雨日数等5个气象因子之间的关系。根据有限的数据确定四川省眉山市小麦条锈病发病的主要气象因子,并提出了不同气象条件下的防治措施。

Wheat stripe rust,which can be seen in various degrees every year,is one of the main diseases of wheat production in Sichuan Province.This disease always leads to the large-scale reduction of wheat production.Since the middle-and late 1990s,wheat stripe rust incident in high degree every year.Especially during the four years（1999-2002）,Sichuan had been continuously bothered by this epidemical disease,and the annual loss was 3 million ton or so.The occurrence and prevailing of wheat stripe rust mainly depended on the three elements,the varieties of wheat,the amounts of bacteria,and meteorological conditions.At present,most of the wheat varieties are not resistant to wheat stripe rust,thus meteorological conditions are very important ecological factors for the occurrence,prevailing growth,and decline of wheat stripe rust.Therefore,it is very useful for the predicting,prevention,and controlling of stripe rust to study the relation between the occurrence and prevailing of wheat stripe rust and meteorological conditions,such as meteorological environment factors,climate division,and meteorological forecasting. In this paper,the datas about the severity and scope of stripe rust and the relevant meteorological conditions in Meishan City from 1994 to 2007 were collected.According to the datas,this paper analyzed the relationships between stripe rust of wheat and the average relative humidity during the average relative humidity,total sunshine hours,average temperature,total precipitation,rainy days,and determined the main meteorological factors of the stripe rust of wheat,confirmed the main meteorological factors,and made the prevention and treatment measures of stripe rust under different weather conditions.