《资本论》研究的新方位:经济行为理论

A New Research Perspective of ‘Das Kapital’: Theories of Economic Behaviour

《资本论》研究客观过程的发展规律包含在一定关系中的主体行为的规律。主体经济行为既与客观过程的发展有区别,又紧密联系。各个主体及其行为并非完全是同质的,在经济过程中的作用也不同。各种主体相互差异的行为会直接间接地影响社会总资本的发展。经济行为理论是资本理论的进一步具体化。研究主体经济行为是唯物史观在经济研究领域的贯彻。马克思不仅考察资本家与雇佣工人之间的行为关系,而且注意考察不同资本家之间的关系。研究资本家的经济行为,一方面可从中发掘一般的经济行为规律,另一方面可以批判资本家行为的非理性。

'Das Kapital' studies law of subject activity that development law of objective process contains in certain relations.Economic activity of the subject has different as well as close connection with the development of the objective process.Respective subjects′ behaviours are not homogenous,the effects on economic process are different.The different behaviours of various subjects influence the development of general social capital.Economic behavior theory is further concretization of capital theory.Marx did not only investigate behavioural relation between capitalists and salary earners,but also relation between different capitalists.Studying the economic behaviours of capitalists could find law of general economic behavior and criticize the irrationality of capitalists′ behaviours.