气候因子与云南粮食生产的关系

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATIC FACTORS AND GRAIN PRODUCTION IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

该文分析了云南近 50年气候生产力变化特征以及气候变化对农业生产的影响 .重点对气温、降水与小麦、水稻产量形成的关系进行了研究 ,结果表明 1 2月至翌年 2月的降水是小麦增减产的关键因子 ,≥ 1 0℃的积温比降水更有利于水稻生产 .同时针对制约农业增产的重要气象灾害发生时期进行诊断 ,发现小春作物的主要气象灾害是 1～ 2月的冬旱和 2～ 4月的倒春寒 ,大春作物的主要气象灾害是 5月干旱和 7～ 8月的低温冷害 .

The characteristics of Yunnan climatic productivity variation and the effects of climatic variation on agricultural production in the past 50 years are analyzed, and the relationships between temperature, precipitation and wheat, rice yields are mostly studied. The results show that the precipitation during Dec. to Feb. of the next year is the key factor for wheat production and the cumulative temperature higher than or equal to 10℃ is more favorable for rice production than precipitation. Furthermore, the periods of major climatic disasters affecting grain production of Yunnan province are diagnosed. The main meteorological disasters for the crops sown in late autumn. are drought during Jan. to Feb. and cold of the late spring during Feb. to Apr. For crops sown in late spring, the main disasters are drought in May and chilling damage during Jul. to Aug.