清华简《保训》“假中于河”新论

New Understanding of Bamboo Slips about “Jia Zhong Yu He” of Bao Xun Collected by Qinghua University

《保训》"假中"之"假"习见于传世文献,是"祭者致神"之义,"假中于河"即通过祭祀"河"得到"中"。"假中于河"之"河"是河神之谓,与传世文献中的"冥"关系密切。上甲微通过祭祀河神来凝聚人心、积蓄力量,并赋予攻打有易的正义性,"假中于河"即通过精诚的祭祀来获得神灵公正的裁决。因此,"中"就是具有公正、正义、公道含义的思想观念,"得中"就是公平、公正地裁决事理。这一点可以结合"中"的功能从汤、舜、尧以及周文王的事迹中得到证明。

The word ＂Jia＂ in ＂Jia Zhong＂ in Bao Xun,often found in the literatures,means ＂the tributes to God＂,and ＂Jia Zhong Yu He＂ refers to acquiring ＂Zhong＂ by solemn behaviors of sacrifice ceremony for ＂He＂,the river God,which was closely related to ＂Ming＂（the nether world）.Offering Sacrifices to gods or ancestors,Shang Jia Wei（the ninth head of the Shang State） not only united the people and gathered strength,but also endowed justice to attack a tribe called You Yi.It is apparent that ＂Jia Zhong Yu He＂ is a practice for acquiring god＇s justice through sincere worship.Therefore,＂Zhong＂ has the features of fairness,justice,and impartiality,and the obtainment of ＂Zhong＂ means fair and just decision,which can be seen from the emperors＇ deeds of Tang,Yao,Shun,and Zhou Wen-wang.