煤矿区居民的环境污染感知——以陕西省韩城矿区为例

Perception of environmental pollution in a coal mine area: A case study of Hancheng Mine Area,Shaanxi Province

选择陕西省韩城矿区的下峪口矿和燎原矿为研究区域,通过实地访谈和454份有效问卷,利用秩和检验等统计方法,探讨了居民对环境污染的感知的影响因素。主要结论是:(1)矿区居民对环境普遍不满意,他们认为最严重的环境污染是大气污染,其次是噪音污染。矿区环境污染的最主要原因是煤炭加工(洗选、炼焦),采煤并不是最主要的环境污染原因。(2)在居民属性与环境污染感知方面发现:性别对环境污染的感知无明显的影响。年龄和居住时间对大气污染、水污染和噪音污染的感知有显著正向影响。文化程度对水污染、噪音污染和环境卫生感知有显著负向影响,这与文化集团性有关。居住空间对水污染和噪音污染有显著负向影响,说明水污染和噪音污染感知表现出空间层次性。研究结果可以为矿区的环境治理、政策制定等提供参考。

The environmental behavior of the residents depends on their perception of environmental pollution.Hence,society should measure the implementation of various environmental protection efforts based on what the residents perceive as their impact on environmental pollution.Many heavy industries abound the Xiayukou and Liaoyuan coal mine areas,owing to their abundance in natural resources.Environmental pollution is serious and typical in this area;thus,the residents are anxious about their health. Using questionnaires,the present paper surveys the perception of residents living in the coal mine area to environmental concerns.The influencing factors in environmental perception were analyzed using the rank sum test.The results were obtained as follows.（1） The majority of the residents in the coal mine area are not satisfied with their living environment.The order of their interest is： air pollution noise pollution sanitation water pollution.The pollution is mainly caused by coal processing.Hence,coal mining is not the main reason for the pollution in the coal mine area.（2） Age and period of residency have significant positive effects on perceptions on air,water,and noise pollutions;whereas education has a significant negative effect on perceptions on water and noise pollutions,as well as on sanitation.This phenomenon can be explained by various cultural groups having varied perceptions on environmental pollution.In addition,habitat has significant negative effect on perceptions on water and noise pollution.In conclusion,the present paper discusses the effects of these factors on the perception on environmental pollution and gives suggestions on the planning and management of the environment.