基于参数法的国内上市机场规模效率评估

The research on the scale efficiency of Chinese listed airports based on parametric approach

本文构造了一个规模经济和机场行业特征作用于机场运营效率的理论框架,并以上市机场为例进行了实证研究,研究表明:首先,机场规模与机场效率存在一定关联,上市机场中规模较小的机场存在规模经济,此类机场规模仍然有拓展空间,而规模较大的三大枢纽门户机场效率则相对较低,出现了规模经济递减情况,另一方面,除机场规模外,存在其他效率影响因子,因为不同机场在同一规模截面,其效率迥异;其次,机场行业"双高双低"的特征显著影响了效率高低,使得各机场效率均呈周期性起落变化;最后,优质管理会有效提升机场效率,深圳宝安机场作为国内中型枢纽机场,以其优质资产管理和良好财务状况,在六大上市机场中持续高效运营。因此,大中型枢纽机场在不断追加设施投入的同时,须更加注重提升管理水平,通过内涵式发展推动机场高效运营。

On the basis of theoretical framework,this paper takes six domestic listed companies as cases for the empirical study.Results are shown as follows.Firstly,there is certain relationship between airport scale and its efficiency.On one hand,there is negative correlation between airport scale and efficiency,on the other hand,there are some other factors affecting the airport efficiency,because empirical studies show that different airports on the same scale have different efficiency.Secondly,aviation industry has the following characteristics： high input,high cost,low returns,low output,which lead to periodic variation of airport efficiency.Finally,excellent management will enhance efficiency effectively.As domestic medium-sized airport,Shenzhen Bao＇an Airport shows sustainable and efficient operations for its quality asset management and good financial situation.Furthermore,we proposed that large and medium-sized airports should perfect management and technics to promote its efficient operation.