不同穴播种植方式与平衡施肥对旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of different cultivation and balanced fertilization on spring wheat yield and water use efficiency in semiarid areas

采用田间试验方法,研究了不同穴播种植方式与平衡施肥对旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,4种穴播种植方式中,全膜覆土穴播种植方式有利于小麦碳水化合物的合成,增加了小麦干物质积累量,实施N、P、K平衡施肥后干物质积累量增加效果明显;该种植方式下各施肥处理比全膜小垄沟覆土穴播、全膜不覆土穴播和露地穴播小麦产量分别增加3.7%～6.7%、9.4%～10.3%、30.7%～35.4%;该种植方式下,N、P2O5和K2O的用量分别为180 kg/hm2、120 kg/hm2、90 kg/hm2时(Z0F1处理),小麦产量最高,达到4 034 kg/hm2;该方式的小麦水分利用效率明显高于露地穴播,在相同施肥水平下,前者小麦水分利用效率比后者显著提高33.7%～48.3%。表明春小麦在全膜覆土穴播栽培技术条件下,平衡施肥可显著提高小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率。

Field trials were conducted to study different cultivation and balanced fertilization on wheat yield and wa- ter use efficiency in semiarid areas. The results showed that cultivation of the whole film casing mode bunch helped syn- thesis of carbohydrates of wheat plants and increased dry matter accumulation, and the effect of implementation of N, P and K fertilization was obvious; Compared with whole film a small furrow bunch, whole film not overburden bunch and open field dibble, wheat yield increased by 3.7% ~ 6.7%, 9.4% - 10.3% and 30.7% - 35.4% in the whole film casing mode bunch; In the application of respectively 180 kg/hm2, 120 kg/hm2 and 90 kg/hm2 of N, P205 and K20 （ZoF1 treatment）, the wheat yields were the highest, achieving 4 034 kg/hm2 ; The water use efficiency of wheat in the whole film casing mode bunch was significantly higher than that of the open field dibble, increased by as significantly as 33.7 % - 48.3 % at the same level of fertilization. These show that balanced fertilization can significantly increase grain yield, and increase water use efficiency in the whole film casing mode bunch.