基于生态足迹的1997—2009年西安市土地生态承载力评价

Evaluation of ecological carrying capacity based on ecological footprint model in Xi'an during 1997—2009

以2009年为例,修正了Wackernagel提出的耕地产量因子,并利用生态足迹的原理和模型对西安市1997—2009年的土地生态承载力进行分析。结果表明:西安市的人均生态足迹处于一个逐年增加的阶段之中,由1997年的0.7634 hm2增加至1.2731 hm2,并且近年来增加速度明显加快;而人均生态承载力则由0.5251 hm2减少至0.3731 hm2,可见生态足迹和生态承载力呈反方向发展的趋势。1997—2009年间,西安市的人均生态足迹大大超过人均生态承载力,出现生态赤字,人均生态赤字由0.2383 hm2增加至0.9000 hm2;表明西安市人口对自然的需求已经远远超过了西安市自然生态系统的承受范围,影响该区的可持续发展。

Taking 2009 as an example, the factors of cultivated land production that Wackernagel raised were re- vised. And adopting the ecological footprint principle and model, the ecological footprints of Xi＇an from 1997--2009 were calculated and analyzed according to the data from the statistical yearbook. The results showed that the ecological footprint per capita gradually increased from 0.7634 hm2 to 1.2731 hm2 during 1997--2009 in Xi＇an. The speed of the ecological footprints＇ addition was getting obv!ously quicker in recent years, whereas, the average personal ecological ca- pacity declined year by year from 0.5251 hm2 to 0.3731 hm2. A conclusion could be drawn that the ecological footprints and ecological capacity development were just in the opposite direction. Secondly, Xi＇an was in ecological deficit condi- tion from 1997--2009 and the ecological deficit increased from 0.2383 hm2 per capita to 0.9000 hm2 per capita, The re- search indicates that the utilization of natural resources in Xi＇an is increasing year by year, which is beyond the capacity of the natural ecological system, the conflicts between ecological footprints and ecological capacity are going up, the pre- sent developing model is not sustainable, and the ecological environment is at risk.