玉米秸秆还田和耕作方式对小麦养分积累与转运的影响

Effects of the Maize Straw Returned to the Field and Tillage Patterns on Nutrition Accumulation and Translocation of Winter Wheat

以冬小麦品种‘烟农19’为材料,于2008～2009年在淮北砂姜黑土区,设置玉米秸秆不还田(CK)和玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田——翻埋还田(HM)、旋耕还田(HX)、覆盖还田(HG)4种处理方式,通过大田试验研究玉米秸秆全量还田和耕作方式对小麦干物质和氮、磷、钾积累与分配的影响。结果显示:(1)小麦成熟期籽粒是干物质和养分的主要积累器官,其次为茎秆和叶片;在成熟期,籽粒积累的干物质、氮、磷、钾素分别占地上部总积累量的43.31%～46.13%、75.14%～76.83%、75.79%～77.99%、12.37%～12.82%。营养器官花前贮藏干物质和养分的转运量以叶片最高,其次为茎秆和颖壳;营养器官转运干物质和氮、磷、钾素对籽粒的贡献率分别为30.40%～36.54%、81.86%～86.10%、65.34%～74.83%、98.91%～125.85%。(2)玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田处理的小麦干物质和养分积累量与营养器官转运量均显著高于玉米秸秆不还田处理;玉米秸秆还田后不同耕作方式中,玉米秸秆全量覆盖还田处理的小麦籽粒干物质积累量和营养器官干物质转运量显著高于其它耕作方式,但氮、磷、钾的积累量和转运量在各耕作方式间差异均不显著。研究表明,在本试验条件下,在砂姜黑土区玉米秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田处理更有利于小麦群体养分的积累与转运。

In order to study the effects of maize straw returned to the field and different tillage patterns on dry matter accumulation and translocation of nitrogen （N） ,phosphorous （P） and potassium （K） of winter wheat in lime concretion black soil region,this experiment was carried in the field by means of winter wheat cultivar ＇Yannong 19 ＇ as material. The result shows that： （1）In maturing period, the main accumulating organ for dry matter and nutrients is grain,then stem and leaf. The contribution of dry matter weight （DW）, N,P and K accumulation in grains occupy 43.31%-46.13% ,75.14%-76.83% ,75.79%-77.99% and 12.37% -12.82%, respectively in the upper part of the wheat. In nutrition organ, the highest accumulation and translocation amount of dry matter and nutrients before anthesis occur in leaf. then in stem and glume and spike-stalk. The contribution of DW, N, P and K that be translocated from nutrition organ to grains are 30.40%-36.54%,81.86%-86.10%,65.34%-74.83% and 98. 91%-125.85%,respeetively. （2）The a- mount of accumulation and translocation of DW and nutrients in the treatment of returning maize straw to the field are significantly higher than those in treatment in which no straw returned to the field. Under the condition of returning maize straw to the field, the amount of accumulation and transl^cati^n of DW in treatment HG （whole maize straw returned to the field with mulching tillage after smashing） is significant- ly higher than those of HM （whole maize straw returned to the field with overturning after samshing） and HX （whole maize straw returned to the field with rotary tillage after samshing） ,whereas there is no signif- icant difference of accumulation and translocation of N,P and K among these three tillage patterns.