不同施药模式对小麦产量、品质及效益的影响

Effect of Spraying Chemical Patterns on Grain yield,Quality and Profit of Wheat

为优化小麦病虫害防控技术,2008-2010年在成都平原开展了不同施药模式(CK:孕穗期和开花期喷施清水;T1:在孕穗期和开花期喷施杀菌剂防治病害;T2:在孕穗期和开花期喷施杀虫剂防治虫害;T3:在孕穗期和开花期分别喷施杀菌剂和杀虫剂防治病虫害;T4:在开花期一次性混合喷施杀虫剂和杀菌剂防治病虫害)试验,分析了不同处理间小麦病虫害、产量、品质及效益的差异。结果表明:(1)多数测试指标存在显著的年度效应,锈病病株率、白粉病病株率、降落值和多数RVA参数存在显著的年度与处理互作效应;(2)对照处理病虫害发生较重,单独喷施杀虫剂或杀菌剂均不能有效防控病虫危害,分次或混合施用杀虫剂和杀菌剂对病虫害的综合防控效果明显好于单独喷施;(3)施药处理较对照都有明显的增产、增收效果,产量增加6.9%～11.8%,纯收益增加4.3%～8.7%,以杀虫剂和杀菌剂分次喷施处理增幅最大;(4)施药处理对不同品质指标的影响存在较大差异,施药有降低湿面筋含量、沉降值和面团稳定时间的趋势,但都明显提高了降落值和RVA参数值。施药处理均未检出农药残留限值。综合产量、品质和效益,在选择抗病品种的基础上,于开花期实施多类药剂混合喷施不失为小麦节本高效的病虫防控措施。

To make technical strategy for effectively controlling diseases and insect pests of wheat, field experiments from 2008 to 2010 with 5 treatments including CK （no any chemicals during whole growing season） and four chemical treatments, i.e. spraying only fungicides to control diseases, only insecticides to control pests, using separately fungicides and insecticides, and one operation of spraying mixed chemicals at flowing stage to control both diseases and pests were conducted to test the effect of spraying chemical patterns on grain yield, benefit and quality traits of wheat. The results shown that： （1） In a combined analysis of variance, significant year effect for most parameters tested and significant year by treatment interactions for stripe rust infected plant percentage, powdery mil- dew infected plant percentage and most RVA parameters were observed. （2） Lower disease- and insects-infected plant percentages with chemical treatments compared to CK were occurred. Spraying in- secticides or fungicides alone could not effectively prevent diseases and pest damage simultaneously.Mixed chemicals spraying had almost the same effect as the treatment of disease and insect controlling separately. （3） Compared with CK, spraying chemicals significantly increased grain yield by 6.9~ 11.8o//oo and profit by 4.3~8.70//oo with the highest value of spraying fungicides and insecticides sepa rately. （4） The influence of chemicals on quality varied with quality traits of wheat and spraying chemicals presented a trend of decreasing wet gluten content, sedimentation, and dough stability time but significantly increasing significantly RVA parameters. Furthermore, no residue of chemicals was detected in all treatments. By comprehensive consideration of yield, benefit and quality, one operation of spraying mixed chemicals in flowering stage is a labor- and cost-saving method to controlling diseases and insect pests in Sichuan province.