不同越冬处理对苹果幼树抽条和黄酮质量分数的影响

Effects on the Shoots Shriveling and Content of Flavonoids of Apple Sapling in Different Wintering Management Ways

以富士和金富苹果为材料,采用建造阳畦、缠薄膜、"小温室"越冬等方法,调查不同越冬方式对2a生苹果幼树越冬抽条的影响,测定越冬期枝条电导率和黄酮质量分数变化。结果表明,苹果幼树越冬期枝条电导率呈先降再升的趋势,最低值在12月下旬,萌芽前最高,萌芽前枝条电导率的高低与幼树抽条呈正相关;枝条黄酮质量分数则表现为先升后降的趋势,最高值在2月下旬,萌芽前最低,越冬期幼树抽条率与枝条韧皮部黄酮质量分数变化幅度呈正相关。"小温室"与树体缠膜幼树越冬抽条率低,其枝条电解质渗出率和黄酮质量分数均显著低于阳畦和对照。不同品种间,富士枝条电导率稍低于金富,但变幅较大,其黄酮变幅高于金富。树体缠薄膜和"小温室"方法是目前甘肃沿黄地区苹果幼树安全越冬最有效的方法。

The effects of different winter management ways on physiological drought,conductivity and total flavonoids content of 2-year-old Fuji and Jinfu apple saplings in winter and subsequent spring were studied.The winter management ways included building cold frame,winding plastic film on trees,building plastic greenhouse.The results showed that the conductivity rate of apple saplings decreased and arrived at the lowest value at the end of December,then increased to the highest value before sprouting.The conductivity rate of pre-embryonic branches was positively correlated with shoot shriveling rate.On the contrary,the total flavonoids content increased and reached the highest value at the end of February,then decreased to the lowest value before sprouting.In over-wintering stage,shoot shriveling rate and the variation of phloem flavonoids content of branches were positively correlated.Compared with the winter manage way of building cold frame,the ways of winding plastic film on trees and building plastic greenhouse were better for preventing apple trees from physiological drought.Between the two cultivars,conductivity rate of Fuji branches was slightly lower than that of Jinfu;the variations of the conductivity and flavonoids in Fuji were bigger than that in Jinfu.It was suggested that winding plastic film on trees and building plastic greenhouse were the effective methods for apple trees over-wintering safely.