北京市公路周边地区居民家中噪声对新生儿听力影响的研究

Effects of the noise from the road on hearing of newborn in Beijing

目的本文旨在调研北京市三环公路周边地区居民家中噪声和在此环境中成长婴儿的听力检查,阐述生活环境噪音和婴儿听力损伤之间的关系。方法在我院母婴同室病房随机选取家住北京市三环公路周边地区、健康新生儿30例,使用丹麦B&K 2231精密积分声级计到其家中进行噪声测试,同时监测出生时和出生后3个月小儿的听力[瞬态诱发性耳声发射听力测试(TEOAE)和脑干听觉诱发电位(ABR)],选取家住北京市三环公路周边以外地区的小儿30例作对照组,居住环境基本符合我国制定的居住环境噪声标准,检测ABR和TEOAE。结果 (1)北京三环公路地区居民家中嘈杂时间段,关窗与开窗噪声有统计学差异[(56.5±2.9)dB vs.(62.5±1.9)dB,P<0.05];(2)北京三环公路地区居民家中相对安静时间段,关窗与开窗噪声有统计学差异[(49.4±2.8)dB vs.(51.2±1.8)dB,P<0.05];(3)北京三环公路地区居民家中嘈杂时间段比对照组嘈杂时间段,增高11.9 dB噪音(均开窗),降低10 dB噪音(均关窗),有统计学差异(P<0.05);北京三环公路地区居民家中嘈杂时间段关窗比对照组嘈杂时间段开窗时,增高噪音5.8 dB,有统计学差异(P<0.05);(4)TEOAE听力测试,各项数据尚不支持生活在北京三环公路周边地区居民家中噪音对小儿内耳造成损伤,但对照组各项指标优于观察组;(5)ABR听力测试,显示观察组和对照组两组小儿均通过,但听力测试各项指标优于观察组,其中对照组小儿Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期缩短、在20 dB听阈时Ⅴ波潜伏期缩短0.17 ms(P<0.05)。结论低噪音环境更有利于小儿听觉系统的发育。

Objective To survey the noise level of the home environment around the areas of Beijing third ring road and describe the relationship between the noise level and baby hearing impairment.Methods 30 cases of healthy newborns in our hospital on puerpera at rooming in wards were randomly selected who lived in the surrounding areas of the third ring road of Beijing,the use of the Danish B K 2231 precision integrating sound level meter to their home to conduct noise tests,while monitoring children′s hearing at the birth and 3 months after birth on transient evoked otoacoustic emission hearing test（TEOAE）and brainstem auditory evoked potentials（ABR）.30 cases were selected,who lived outside areas of the third ring road of Beijing with basic living standards for environmental noise level at the birth and 3 months old,detected ABR and TEOAE,as the control group.Results（1）Beijing third ring road area residents in a noisy time：closing a window（56.5±2.9）dB/opening a window（62.5±1.9）dB,noise can be reduced by 6 dB,with P〈0.05 significant difference;（2）Beijing third ring road area residents in a relatively quiet period：closing a window（49.4±2.8）dB/opening a window（51.2±1.8）dB,the noise can be reduced by 4.1 dB,with P〈0.05 significant difference;（3）The noise of Beijing third ring road area in a noisy time was 11.9 dB higher than the control group noisy time period（all windows opened）,and 10 dB lower（all windows closed）,with P〈0.05 significant difference;the noise level of closing the window of the Beijing third ring road areas was 5.8 dB higher than that of the control group of opening a window during the noisy time,with P〈0.05 significant difference;（4）TEOAE hearing test,although the data was not yet supported that the inner ears of children living around the Beijing ring roads areas were damaged,the control group of children with TEOAE indicators better than the observation group;（5）The children both of observation group and control group were passed ABR hearing test,but the hearing test indicators better than the observation group and control group in which Ⅲ,Ⅴwave latency were shorten,andⅤwave latency at threshold of 20 dB was 0.17 ms shorter,P value of 0.038,with statistical significance.Conclusions The noise in the surrounding areas of the third ring road of Beijing was higher than that of outside of the ring road areas according to international and national environmental noise standard of living,the noise is not yet harm to the children with hearing damage at birth and 3 months old.Observation data can be seen from the above group and control group children for hearing tests,two groups of children have passed,but the hearing test is better than the observation group of the indicators,low-noise environment more conducive to the development of the auditory system in children.Recommendation：Note the living environment of noise reduction,protection of children′s physical and mental health.