南通市老年人生活质量及其影响因素

The quality of life of elders in Nantong and related factors

目的了解南通市老年人健康状况和生活质量现状,并对生活质量的影响因素进行分析,为制定提高老年人生活质量的相关干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,世界卫生组织QOL-BREF及自制量表为调查工具,对南通市60岁以上老年人群进行调查,共收集有效问卷714份。结果南通市老年人的生活质量得分(x±s)分别是:生理领域64.99±11.19,心理领域61.05±9.84,社会关系领域65.74±10.18,环境领域59.06±10.41,QOL自评65.14±17.16,健康自评71.06±14.22。多因素线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、睡眠状况、个性是否乐观、体育锻炼是影响老年人生理领域得分的主要因素;文化程度、医疗费用负担方式、食欲、人际关系、个性是否乐观、体育锻炼及对医疗保险制度的满意度是影响老年人心理领域得分的主要因素;婚姻状况、医疗保险费用的负担方式、人际关系、个性是否乐观、体育锻炼及对医疗保险制度的满意度是影响老年人社会领域得分的主要因素;文化程度、医疗费用负担方式、居住条件、人际关系、个体是否乐观、体育锻炼及对医疗保险制度的满意度是影响老年人环境领域得分的主要因素。结论完善医疗保障制度,鼓励老年人适当地参加体育锻炼,建立良好的社会关系,提高老年人的生活质量。

Objective To understand the health and quality of life （QOL） of elders and analyze the related factors to provide relevant inventions which could improve QOL of the elders. Methods 714 elders in Nantong were selected by cluster sampling method and studied by cross-sectional study with QOL-BREF and self-designed questionnaire. Results The scores of the elder people＇s QOL were PHYS （64. 99 ± 11.19）, PSYCH（61.05 ± 9.84）, SOCIL （65.74 ± 1.18 ）, ENVIR （59.06 ± 10. 41 ）, QOL self-evaluation （65.13 ± 17.08 ）, healthy self-evaluation （71.06 ± 14.22）. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, sleep, optimistic, physical exercise were the mainly af- fecting factors in PHYS; education, payment way of medical fees, appetite, interpersonal relation, optimistic, physical exercise, and satis- faction with Medical insurance system were the mainly affecting factors in PSYCH ; marriage, payment way of medical fees, interpersonal re- lation, optimistic, physical exercise, and satisfaction with medical insurance system were the mainly affecting factors in SOCIL; education, payment way of medical fees, dwell condition, interpersonal relation, optimistic, physical exercise and satisfaction with Medical insurance system were the mainly affecting factors in ENVIR. Conclusions The effective measures should be taken to improve their QOL such as improving the medical care system, encouraging eiders to take some physical trainings, establishing a good social relations.