草原红牛(母)的呼吸产热气体代谢特点的研究

Study on Metabolism Characteristics of Respiratory Heat and Gas of Red Steppe

[目的]该研究的目的是为了不断改进和提高草原红牛生产性能,全面实行科学标准化饲养。[方法]选择草原红牛(母)12头,按生长发育阶段的体重不同分为4组,每组3头。应用"开放回流式呼吸测热装置"进行气体呼吸测热和消化代谢试验,测定每个体重阶段的耗O2量、CO2产生量、呼吸熵、产热量等。同时测定CH4气体的排放量,总结其排放特点。[结果]不同体重阶段生长代谢耗O2量、CO2产生量、产热量随代谢体重(W0.75)的增加而增加;绝食代谢每公斤代谢体重(kg.W0.75)的耗O2量、CO2产生量、产热量在生长前期、生长后期、后备期和空怀期之间差异不显著;CH4排放量随代谢体重(W0.75)增加而增加,在各期之间差异显著(P<0.05);牛采食饲料后,CH4排放量迅速增加,1.5～2.0 h后排放量到高峰,高峰维持2.0 h,之后逐渐降低。[结论]草原红牛(母)的呼吸产热特点符合母牛生长发育规律,其甲烷排放特点呈现一定的规律性,可以为生产实践提供指导。

[Objective] To improve and enhance the production performance of red steppe and implement the standardized feeding.[Method] Twelve female red steppes were equally divided into four groups according to their different body weights of growth stages.The gas respiration calorimetry and digestion metabolism experiment were conducted with an open-circuit respiration chamber system to measure the oxygen consumption,carbon dioxide production,respiratory quotient,heat production etc.of each body weight stage,and meanwhile determine the CH4 emissions and summarize the characteristics of its emissions.[Result] The Oxygen consumption,carbon dioxide production and heat production of the red steppe increased with the growing metabolic body weight（W0.75）,the Oxygen consumption,carbon dioxide production and heat production of per kilogram metabolic body weight（kg·W0.75） of fasting metabolism were no significantly different at the early growth period,latter growth period,reserve period and open period;methane emissions increased with the metabolic body weight gain and were significantly different at each period（P0.05）;methane emissions rapidly increased after feeds intake,and then reached peak after 1.5 to 2.0 hours,and finally decreased after two hours＇ peak.[Conclusion] The respiratory heat characteristics of red steppe are in accordance with the growth rules of cow,the characteristics of methane emissions show a regularity which can provide guidance for the production practice.