秦汉时期关中平原农耕土壤的利用与改良

Utilization and Improvement of the Farming Soil in the Guanzhong(Central Shaanxi) Plain in Northwest China during Qin-Han Periods

"塿土"是关中平原现代地表广泛覆盖的农业土壤,也是历史上对土壤资源持续利用与改良的产物。我国古代先民在长期的农业生产实践中积累了大量识土、用土、改土、养土的经验,并被广泛记录于古代农书及有关农业生产的文献中。文章通过对先秦至两汉时期古农书及相关文献中土壤信息的提取和整理,结合现代土壤学的研究成果,分析了秦汉时期关中平原农耕土壤环境及其土壤资源的利用与改良。研究表明,秦汉时期关中平原地表土壤尽管为全国优良的土壤类型,但土壤质地不良,水分、养分供给不足,盐碱化等因素也导致了土壤的适耕性减弱。秦汉时期精耕细作的治土和治田过程使关中平原农耕土壤环境得到极大改善,在土壤质地、结构、水分、养分等方面均有所表现,促使了关中平原自然土壤向农业土壤的迅速转变。

As the product of agriculture activity, Loutu soil is modem agricultural soil on the earth＇s surface in the Guanzhong Plain. Lots of knowledge and experience of the utilization, improvement and fertilization of soil were accumulated by the ancient Chinese in their agricultural production over a long period of time, and extensively recorded in ancient agricultural books and documents about agricultural production. Through searching the information of soil in ancient agricultural books and relevant documents of the pre-Qin to Han Dynasties, this paper analyses the soil environment and the methods of utilizing and improving soil during the Qin-Han Periods. Research shows that though soil in the Guanzhong Plain is better than in other regions of China in the Qin-Han Periods, some factors such as the undesirable soil texture, the shortage of soil moisture and nutrient and soil salin- ization had caused the weakening of the workability of soil. In the Qin-Han periods, intensive cultivation effectively improved the soil environment including soil texture, soil structure, soil moisture and soil nutrient, which brought about the transformation of soil from natural soil to agrological soil.