肿瘤能量代谢:糖酵解还是氧化磷酸化?

Energy metabolism of cancer:glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation?

正常细胞代谢活动所需要的能量主要由线粒体氧化磷酸化产生的ATP提供。与正常细胞不同,肿瘤细胞糖酵解增强,氧化磷酸化功能降低。长期以来,肿瘤细胞的有氧糖酵解被认为是由于线粒体出现不可逆的损伤。最近有不少研究结果对这一观点提出质疑,认为多数肿瘤的线粒体氧化磷酸化功能是完好的,肿瘤有氧糖酵解的改变被认为是其他多种因素(例如癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因、低氧微环境、mtDNA突变等)综合作用的结果。

Metabolic activities in normal cells rely primarily on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation（OXPHOS） to generate ATP for the energy.Unlike normal cells,glycolysis is enhanced and OXPHOS capacity is reduced in various cancer cells.It has long been believed that glycolytic phenotype in cancer is due to a permanent impairment of mitochondrial OXPHOS proposed by Otto Warburg.This view is challenged by recent investigations,which found that the function of mitochondrial OXPHOS in most cancers is intact.Aerobic glycolysis in many cancers is mainly caused by various factors（e.g.,oncogenes,tumor suppressors,hypoxia microenvironment,mtDNA mutation,et al.）.This article reviews recent advances on this issue.