上海部分餐馆室内空气PM_(2.5)浓度监测及禁烟措施调查

Air monitoring survey of PM_(2.5) in restaurants with different smoking regulations in Shanghai

目的了解上海餐厅禁烟措施的实施情况,分析不同禁烟规定对减少餐厅就餐区烟草烟雾浓度的效果。方法电话调查餐厅的控烟类型,现场观察禁烟措施的落实情况,并采用AM510型个人智能防爆粉尘检测仪对餐厅室外、非吸烟区、吸烟区细颗粒物PM2.5的浓度进行检测,分析餐厅内3类监测点之间、不同禁烟规定的餐厅之间的烟草烟雾浓度差异。结果电话调查100家餐厅中,21家不禁烟,48家部分禁烟,27家完全禁烟。排除室外PM2.5浓度的影响,完全禁烟餐厅的非吸烟区PM2.5浓度(56.83μg/m3)低于部分禁烟餐厅(66.46μg/m3,F=5.424,P<0.05);部分禁烟餐厅中,非吸烟区PM2.5浓度(84.90μg/m3)低于吸烟区(130.67μg/m3,t=-3.154,P<0.01),吸烟区PM2.5浓度低于不禁烟餐厅(t=2.386,P<0.05)。结论餐厅控烟法规执行有待加强,餐厅分区能在一定程度上减少非吸烟区受吸烟区烟草烟雾的影响,但其效果明显小于完全禁烟,餐厅采取完全禁烟措施非常必要。

Objective To investigate the current smoking regulations enforcement and their impacts on the environmental tobacco smoke（ETS） levels inside restaurants in Shanghai.Methods Telephone survey was used to investigate the smoking regulations enforcement.TSI Sidepak AM 510 was used to measure the level of fine particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter（PM2.5） in restaurants.Results Among the 100 restaurants surveyed,21 were smoking free,48 were part or fully smoking forbidden.PM2.5 level of non-smoking area in completely restaurants was lower than that in partially banning restaurants（66.46 μg/m3,F=5.424,P0.05）.PM2.5 level of smoking area in partially banning restaurants（84.90 μg/m3） was lower than that in smoking area（130.67 μg/m3,t=-3.154,P0.01）, PM2.5 level of smoking area was lower than that in smoking free restaurants（t=2.386,P0.05）. Conclusion The effect of partially banning regulations is limit in reducing the ETS level in restaurants,and lower effective than completely banning regulations.More strict tobacco control policies in restaurants are essential to prevent adverse health effects of second hand smoke.