血液透析患者膳食营养素摄入状况调查

Investigation of Dietary Nutrients Intake in Nemodialysis Patients

目的:了解血液透析患者的膳食情况,并对其食物构成、营养素含量进行分析,以指导合理膳食,改善营养状况,更好地配合临床治疗。方法:采用膳食记录和24h回顾法对患者进行连续3d的饮食调查,根据2004、2009年版《中国食物成分表》计算出每日营养素的摄入量,与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较评价。结果:大部分血液透析患者膳食中谷类、蛋类摄入偏低,肉、奶、蔬菜、水果摄入不足。食物组成中以米、面、谷类摄入为主,杂粮摄入较少;肉食品以猪肉为主,海产品及蛋类、奶类摄入较少。营养素摄入中能量和蛋白质的摄入水平偏低;钠过量;钙、镁、磷等宏量元素和锌、铁、铜、硒、锰等微量元素摄入不足;维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C等均未达到RNI要求。结论:我院血液透析患者膳食摄入普遍不足,膳食结构不合理,应根据个体情况进行调整。

[Objective] To understand the diet of hematodialysis patients and analyze the compositions of food and contents of nutrient to guide patients＇ rational diet, improve their nutritional status, and make them match clinical trenment preferablely. [Method] Use the diet records and 24h diet review to make a 3d diet investigation on the basis of Zhong Guo Shi Wu Cheng Fen Biao published in 2004 and 2009 to compute the everyday nutrient intake of hematodialysis patients and compare it with Food Nutriment Intake of Chinese Resident. [Result] Intake of grain, eggs , meat, milk, vegetables, fruits of most of hemodialysis patients was inadequate. Rice and grain was their main food, and the intake of food grain other than wheat and rice was less. They took pork as their main animal food but ate less marine product, eggs and milk. Energy, protein, macroelement （Ca, Mg, P, ect） and microelement （Zn, Fe, Cu, Se, Mn, ect） was insufficient in their nutrient intake. Vitamin B1, B： and Vitamin C fell short of requirement of RNI. [Conclusion] Diet intake of hemodialysis cases was generally not enough and dietary pattern was imbalance. We should adjust their food compositions according to individual information.