非均相法合成氰酸钾

The synthesis of potassium cyanate by solid-liquid reactions

非均相法是合成氰酸钾的较优方法.通过实验对氰酸钾的液固相反应制备工艺进行研究.以尿素和碳酸钾为原料,利用正交试验,对实验的工艺条件进行优化.以二甲基亚砜为溶剂的正交实验表明:反应温度对氰酸钾产量影响显著,其次为溶剂配比、反应时间、原料配比和搅拌速度.实验结果表明:在实验范围内,氰酸钾合成的最佳工艺条件为在140℃下,原料配比为3.5﹕1,溶剂配比为7﹕1的条件下反应2 h并快速搅拌.

Solid-liquid reaction is a favorable method for the synthesis of potassium cyanate. The experimental process was optimized with urea and potassium carbonate as reactants. The orthogonal experiments, in which dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） was used as the solvent, showed that temperature was the most influencing factor among the five ones. The others were as follows in turn： the mass ratio of DMSO to urea, reaction time, the mole ratio of urea to potassium carbonate and stirring rate. The experimental results showed that, the optimal conditions for the synthesis of potassium cyanate were： 140℃, 2h, the proportioning of urea to potassium carbonate 3.5 ： 1, the mass ratio of DMSO to urea 7 ： 1 and rapid mixing.