海洋微生物次级代谢产物生物合成的研究进展

Progress in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms

海洋微生物次级代谢产物往往具有新颖的化学结构,蕴含着独特的生物合成途径、酶学机理和不同于陆生放线菌次级代谢产物的生物合成机制。自从2000年第一例海洋微生物天然产物enterocin的生物合成基因簇被阐明以来,迄今已克隆和鉴定了27种海洋微生物次级代谢产物的完整生物合成基因簇。这些次级代谢产物的生物合成主要源于四种途径,包括聚酮合酶途径,非核糖体肽合成酶途径,聚酮-非核糖体肽合成酶杂合途径,以及其他途径。本文综述了近年来一些重要海洋微生物活性次级代谢产物的生物合成途径,以及组合生物合成技术在海洋微生物次级代谢产物结构多样化方面的应用。

Marine microbial secondary metabolites often have novel and complex chemical structures, indicating their unique biosynthetic pathways and enzymatic mechanisms. Enterocin was the first marine microbial natural product for which a complete gene cluster was demonstrated in 2000. Since then, biosynthetic gene clusters of a total of 27 marine microbial secondary metabolites have been identified and characterized. These metabolites were mainly derived from four typical biosynthetic systems, including polyketide synthases （PKSs）, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases （NRPSs）, hybrid PKS/NRPS, etc. In this review we presented the recent progress in elucidating biosynthetic pathways of marine microbial secondary metabolites, as well as the application of combinatorial biosynthesis in their structural diversification.