中国党政官员学历变化和代际更迭研究

On Changes of the Leadership's Educational Background and Intergenerational Change in China

经过分析2011年换届的省或自治区的党委常委和十二届至十七届政治局委员的学历,得出学历层次提高和人文学科和社会科学学历增多的结论,与之相伴的是中国领导代际更迭的三部曲:革命运动型官员——技术专家型官员——公共管理型官员。中国党政官员学历转变和代际变迁由多种原因造成:教育的迅速发展给深造创造了条件,部分理工科的干部通过在职教育变成文科;党和国家对于知识的重视,高学历成了晋升的重要阶梯;人文社科类型高层次人才短缺,公共管理型官员治国成世界趋势。党政领导干部学历转变和代际转换的积极影响:公共管理型官员顺应时代的发展,加速推进现代化进程;巩固共产党执政的政治合法性,官员合格型权威提升;多学科门类的领导集体有利于科学决策;弥补治理中的价值理性不足;提高党的执政能力和先进性建设;推动党内民主的发展。

Through analyzing educational background of new provincial party committee members and the 12th to 17th Politburo members,this article concludes that China's leadership has witnessed a higher and higher level of education and that more and more leaders have an educational background of social sciences.Related to this is the Chinese leadership's trilogy of intergenerational change:Revolutionaries — Technocrats — Politicians.This shift is caused by a variety of reasons:the rapid development of education creates conditions for further studies;party cadres change their diplomas from science and engineering majors to arts majors by on-the-job graduate education;as a result of the importance attached by the Party and State to knowledge,highly educated people have more chances to be promoted;there is a shortage of high-level personnel with the educational background of social sciences;it has become a global trend for the politicians to run the country.The above changes and shift have the following positive influences:politicians are more likely to keep up with the times and accelerate the historical process of modernization;the political legitimacy of the Communist Party can be consolidated and qualified authority can get promoted;the leadership with multi-disciplinary background is conducive to scientific decision-making;it can make up for the deficiencies of value rationality in governance;it can improve the Party's ability to govern and promote the advanced nature of Party building;it can promote the development of democracy within the party.