联合国可持续发展行动的回顾与展望

Review and Prospect on the UN's Efforts for Sustainable Development

该文以时间先后为顺序,系统总结了1972年人类环境会议以来,联合国为推进全球可持续发展所采取的重要行动,对取得的进展和存在的差距进行了评述。认为,人类环境会议特别是环发大会以来,联合国为实现全球经济社会可持续发展付出了巨大的努力,在许多领域推动形成了重要的共识和多边国际公约,促进了可持续发展伙伴关系的形成与发展,加快了许多国家和地区的可持续发展行动。但是,从目前来看,所取得的进展远低于需要达到的水平,突出地体现在千年发展目标进展缓慢、环发领域谈判举步维艰、国际履约明显不足、可持续发展伙伴关系的效果并不理想等。基于这一现实,本文认为"里约+20"大会应努力在如下四个方面取得进展:一是重振里约精神,加快已有政治承诺的落实;二是在坚持里约原则的前提下,围绕气候变化等重大全球性挑战做出新的政治承诺;三是在坚持里约原则的前提下,勾画出人类绿色发展的未来蓝图;四是促进以南南合作为重点的国家合作。

The paper reviewed the UN＇ s important efforts for promoting global sustainable development since UN Conference on Human Environment in 1972 in chronological order, and analyzed the progress and gaps. The results showed that the UN system makes great efforts for global sustainable development since the UN Conference on Human Environment especially since UN Conference on Environment and Development, promotes the formation of important consensus and multilateral international conventions in many areas, drives the development of partnerships on sustainable development, and accelerates actions on sustainable development of many countries and regions. However, at present, the progress was still far lower than the level needed. Prominent problems appeared, such as slow progress on millennium development goals, difficulties in negotiations in the area of environment and development, insufficient fulfillment of the international agreements and conventions, and worse effects of partnerships on sustainable development. Based on these, the paper put forward suggestions on the UN Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012（ Rio ＋ 20） ： 1 ） to revive the spirit of Rio and accelerate the implementation of existing political commitments ; 2 ） to make new political commitments around climate change and other major global challenges under the Rio principles ; 3） to lay out a blueprint of green economy under the Rio principles ; and 4） to promote South-South cooperation as the focus of national cooperation.