中国城镇化道路的反思与对策

Rethinking and Countermeasures on China's Urbanization Road

改革开放加速了我国的城镇化进程。从1978年至2010年,城镇化率由17.92%迅速提高到49.95%,形成了长三角、珠三角、京津冀三大城市群,一批区域性城市群正在加速形成。城镇化的快速发展特别是城市群的形成为推动我国经济社会发展和增强国际竞争力发挥了重要作用。但与此同时,城镇化也带来了突出的可持续发展问题。主要表现在:人口过度膨胀,城市病集中爆发,经济增长与宜居性背道而驰;城市面貌千篇一律,野蛮拆迁横行,土地型资本运作难以持续;进城易,定居难,城乡"二元社会"问题正演变为城市内定居群体与流动群体"二元社会"问题;城市间恶性竞争,产业同构,建立分工协作的机制任重道远。基于此,本文提出了未来10年推进我国城镇化的对策思路:坚持积极发展小城市和小城镇方针,缓解地域中心城市人口压力;创新农村居民点用地管理制度,实现城镇化与新农村建设有机统一;加强城市规划与管理的科学化,全力提升城市品位;建立跨区域城市协调机制,破解恶性竞争与产业同构困局;促进公共服务均等化,消除新老"二元社会"问题。

China＇s urbanization is in the rapid growth since the Reform and Opening-up. The urbanization rate increased from 17.92% to 49.95% during 1978 to 2010. China has formed three huge urban agglomerations and a number of local urban agglomerations are forming. The rapid urbanization, especially the formation of urban agglomeration accelerates China＇s economic and social development and international competitiveness enhancement. However, it also brings outstanding sustainable development issues. Mainly problems include that 1 ） excessive population expansion, outbreak of city diseases, and economic growth contrary to livability; 2） urban landscape is monotonous, brutal house demolition of rampant, and unsustainable land-based capital operation; 3 ） entering city easily but settling down difficult, and the ＂dual society＂ issue between urban and rural areas is evolving into the ＂dual society＂ issue between settled population and transient population in city; and 4） vicious competition and homogeneous industrial structure among cities, and the establishment of mechanisms for division of work still has long way to go. Based on these, this paper presents countermeasures to promote China＇s urbanization in the next ten years： to actively develop small cities and small towns for easing the population pressure on the central city area, to innovate rural residential land use management system for integration of rural development and urbanization, to strengthen urban planning and management for improvement of urban quality, to establish cross-city coordination mechanism for breaking the vicious competition and homogeneous industrial structure, and to promote equalization of public services for solving the old and new ＂dual society＂ problems.