人口增长、收入水平与城市环境

Population Growth,Income Level and Urban Environment

伴随着我国城镇化进程的不断加快,城市环境污染问题备受关注。本文以城镇居民生活垃圾污染行为为起点,通过比较居民与政府目标函数,首先从理论上做出判断,城镇人口数量增加以及居民生活质量提高均会导致城市生活垃圾数量增长,从而对城市环境产生影响。随后,进一步采取Panel data的分析方法,以我国2004-2008年省级面板数据为样本,从城市生活垃圾污染的角度对我国城镇人口增长、居民收入水平与城市环境间的关系进行计量检验。结果显示:我国城市生活垃圾产生数量分别与城镇人口增长、居民收入水平间存在着长期正向协整关系,即在我国城镇化水平和居民生活质量不断提升的背景下,城市生活垃圾数量的增长以及对城市环境的污染存在着内在必然性;另外,我国城市生活垃圾数量的自发增长对平均增长的偏离逐年下降,可见,存在政策、制度、行为等外生因素抑制我国城市生活垃圾数量的增长。最后,文章从生活垃圾控制和处理的角度,就改善我国城市环境和促进城市环境可持续发展提出了简要的政策建议。

With our urbanization process speeding up unceasingly, much attention has been devoted to the problem of environmental pollution. This paper , based on the pollution behavior of municipal domestic waste, attempts a judgment in theory that both the growth of urban population and the improvement of life quality lead to the increase the volume of domestic waste, thus affecting the urban environment, by the comparison of the objective function of urban residents and the government. With the samples of the provincial panel data from 2004 to 2008 in our country, we use the panel data analysis, and from the view of domestic waste pollution, conduct an econometric test of the relationship between population growth, income level of urban residents and urban environment. The results show that there are the positive co-integration relationships between domestic waste and urban population and the residents＇ income. That is to say, against the background of continuous improvement of urbanization development level and life quality, domestic waste and urban environmental pollution have internal certainty. Besides, the deviation of spontaneous increases of municipal domestic waste from the average increase comes down every year in our country. So we find that there are several external factors, such as policies, systems and behavies, that inhibit the increase of domestic waste. Finally, from the point of controlling and treating domestic waste, this paper raises some policy suggestions, which should improve the urban environment and promote the sustainable development.