基于农户调查的农地适度经营规模研究——以长沙市两个郊区县为例

Research on the Appropriate Scale of Farmland Operation Based on Questionnaire Survey of Rural Households——A Case Study of Two Suburban Counties in Changsha City

农业规模化生产是市场经济发展的客观要求,农地规模经营是农业规模化经营的关键所在。从农户效用最大化的角度,建立了农户农地适度经营规模的测度模型;并利用湖南长沙市2个郊区县141份农户调查问卷数据,对该模型进行了检验。研究结果表明:影响农地适度经营规模的因素包括农产品市场价格、农业生产技术、各生产要素的市场价格及其市场转移概率;目前,农业生产处在规模报酬递减阶段;农地投入对农产品产量的影响最大,其次是劳动力投入,资本投入的影响最小;户均农地适度经营规模为1.42 hm2,但目前户均农地经营面积仅有0.31 hm2;为了使农户家庭劳力与农地达到最优配置状态,进而使农户家庭收入达到最大,应选择转入农地或转出剩余劳动力。

Agricultural scale production is the objective demand of market economy; And farmland scale operation is the key of agricultural scale operation. A model was built for measuring the appropriate scale of farmland operation from the angle of maximization of rural households utility; And the model was tested using questionnaire survey of 141 rural households from 2 suburban counties in Changsha City. The results showed that four factors had influenced the appropriate scale of farmland op- eration, which were the market price of agricultural commodity, agricultural production technology, market price of each fac-tor of production and market transition probability. Agricuhural production was still in the phase of decreasing rewards. Agri- cultural land input had the largest influence on agricultural production, followed by labor input while minimal impact factor was capital input. The moderate scale of farmland management was 1.42 hm^2 per rural household, but the current farmland area of operation was only 0.31 hm^2 per rural household. In order to make household labor force and farmland to achieve op- timal allocation state, thereby make their household income reached the maximum, one way is to increase the farmland scale which peasant household operated while the another way is to reduce labor force.