制度与文化并重:新时期利益格局调整的路径

Lay Equal Stress on Institution and Culture:The Adjustment Path of Interest Map during the New Period

伴随着经济的高速增长,中国社会利益结构发生了根本性变化,"利益格局调整"成为现阶段能否进一步深化改革的重要环节。积极稳妥地进行利益格局调整,需要沿着利益的双重性格、制度与文化的双路径协同展开:一是制度路径的调整策略。"调整"的路径依赖于它的"形成"过程,无论是市场还是政府,都是通过具体的制度安排影响物质利益分配,导致整个社会利益格局的形成或变动,因而,制度变革是利益格局调整的首要渠道。二是文化路径的调整策略。利益格局一旦形成,利益群体会作为行动主体处在市场与政府之间参与利益格局的调整。利益群体参与调整时所具有的能动性来自文化,即制度预期、文化接触和文化同化三方面的差异将唤醒各利益群体的理念利益,驱动他们通过利益表达影响利益格局的调整。因此,应当减少三方面文化差异,构成利益格局调整的文化路径。

This article proposes some theoretical concerns after combing the literature on remapping the interest map insofar. The discussion is unfolded on two dimensions： the institutional and the cultural. The institutional dimension mainly deals with the formation of interest. It is through institutional arrangements that no matter the market or the government policy give their impact on the allocation of interest. Thus, the primary channel to re-balance the interest lever is to re-form the institutional arrangements. Furthermore, we suggest to highlight the role of culture in reforming the interest map, for it at least gives rise to the inner activity interest groups possess when in action. The differences among the interest groups on culture, specifically in terms of institutional anticipation, cultural contact and cultural assimilation, motivate them to realize, identify and express their perceived interests. Therefore, to limit and confine the cultural differences to a reasonable extent is the cultural way to rebalancing the interest lever. In conclusion, by analyzing the producers, communicators, and receivers of institutions and culture, we propose an institutionally-culturally combined strategy for re-constructing the balance of interest map.