城市演进角度下的“涉水”地名文化景观——以福州滨江城区台江区为例

Urban Evolution and Change of Aqueous Toponym of Riverside City:A Case Study of Taijiang District,Fuzhou

以福州滨江城区台江区为例,探讨历史时期、建国时期和现今时期3个演化阶段"涉水"地名文化景观的变化与城市演进的关系。研究结果表明,从历史时期至今,计有消失地名109个,新增地名78个和保留地名30个,消失比率约为50%;反映商业经济业态、方言特色和居住环境的定名方式也随之消失,取而代之的是类似的"城市化"地名,这亦是滨江地域文化的流失。现今"涉水"地名文化景观分别以保留地名与内河体系为增长"极核"和"扩展轴",两者的叠加效应致使其重心向东迁移。现今地名加快的更新过程折射出城市演进和扩展速度超过建国时期和历史时期。城市空间快速扩展和不透水面增加是导致城区热岛效应及夏季高温、水体污染和内涝洪灾频发的重要因素。

Taking Taijiang District of Fuzhou as an example, the paper discusses the relationship between the change of aqueous toponym and urban evolution of riverside city in three periods, which are historical period, state founding period and current period. Since the historical period, 109 old aqueous toponyms in Taijiang have disappeared, only 30 preserved, while 78 new ones emerged, and the disappearing ratio reaches 50%. Naming methods which reflect the features of commercial economy, dialect and living environment have also disappeared, instead, ＇urbanization＇ toponyms are replacing the aqueous. That is a loss of local culture of the riverside city. At present, the growth of current aqueous toponym takes the river system as extending axis and preserving aqueous toponyms as the development core, the overlap effect causes their centers of gravity to move eastward. The renovating process of current aqueous toponyms reflects that the evolution and expansion of the city are faster than those in state founding period and historical period. Rapid expansion of urban area and the increase in impervious surface are important factors leading to heat island effect, hot weather in summer, water pollution, and frequent waterlogging and floods.