岭南客家商帮的形成、分布及其文化风格

Formation,Distribution and Cultural Features of Hakka Merchant Group in Lingnan

在分析岭南客家商帮形成的地理基础背景条件下,阐述了被迫外迁的部分从商客家人形成为客家商帮的历史过程,其可分为明中叶到清中后期的雏形期、鸦片战争后形成期和当代鼎盛期3个发展阶段;以客家会馆为标志,客家商帮在国内外的地域空间分布呈现出"国内以四川为中心,延及华南、华中,国外以东南亚为主体"的大分散、小集中的地域分布格局。与此相应,造就客家商帮开拓性、儒商性、包容性、务实性和诚信性的文化风格,并以此在商海竞争中取胜,与广州帮、潮州帮并立于中国商业文化版图。

The study of cultural geography on Hakka merchant group has been weak and needs to be strengthened urgently. In this paper, the geographical background and the formation history of the Hakka merchant group in Lingnan are analyzed. The author argues that the deterioration of ecological environment caused by unreasonable human activities was an important reason for Hakka people to migrate outside and do business. The Hakka merchant group formation history can be divided into three periods, that is, embryonic period from the middle Ming Dynasty to the middle and late Qing Dynasty, formation period after the Opium War, and now the heyday. The regional distribution of the merchant groups is characterized by their big dispersion and small concentration, with Sichuan as the centre, stretching to south China, central China and abroad, mainly to Southeast Asia. The merchant groups in different areas are marked by Hakka guildhalls. Correspondingly, Hakka merchant group culture has features of pioneering, learned businessman, tolerance, pragmaticalness and honesty, which help them to win in the business competition and stand together with Guangzhou merchant group and Chaozhou merchant group in the commercial culture circle in South Chuna.