中国对虾黄渤海沿岸群亲本及子一代RAPD分析

RAPD ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN TWO HUANG BO SEA STOCK FAMILIES OF PENAEUS CHINENSIS

1997年 3月从山东海阳市近海捕获中国对虾 ,取两尾单独暂养 ,产卵后培育出子代 ,用随机扩增多态性 DNA(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA,RAPD)技术对亲本和子代的基因组 DNA进行多态性研究 ,目的是在分子水平上了解亲本与子一代之间的遗传结构 ,比较了两个家系的遗传差异。结果表明 ,使用 OPG系列 2 0个引物 ,有 16个引物获得了谱带清晰且重复性好的产物 ,扩增的多态性片段分子量大小在 2 6 0 0～ 2 2 0 bp之间。家系 A检测 78个位点 ,其中多态位点数为 14个 ,占17.95% ,家系 B检测 88个位点 ,其中多态位点数为 18个 ,占 2 0 .4 5%。家系 A父本对其子代的遗传距离为 0 .0 4 50± 0 .0 0 93,母本对其子代的遗传距离为 0 .0 570± 0 .0 0 87,30个个体之间的遗传距离为 0 .0 2 83± 0 .0 0 95;家系 B父本对其子代的遗传距离为 0 .0 52 3± 0 .0 12 4 ,母本对其子代的遗传距离为 0 .0 6 4 1± 0 .0 132 ,2 8个个体之间的遗传距离为 0 .0 384± 0 .0 155。研究结果进一步证实 ,子代之间的遗传距离比其父、母与子代之间更小 ,遗传变异程度更低。另外 ,发现了与性别有关的 12 0 0 bp的片段。

Two individual of Penaeus chinensis were caught at the coastal water of Haiyang, Shandong Province in March, 1997. The prawns were cultured seperately. The genetic diversity of Parent prawns and their larvae were detected by RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique. The genetic structures of parents and their descendants were studied at molecular level, and genetic diversity between the two families were compared. Results showed that, 16 of the 20 primers of OPG series were obtained to be well duplicated products, and the bands were clear. The molecular weight of the amplified polymorphic fragment ranged from 2 600 to 220 bases. 78 gene loci were detected in family A, and 14 loci of them were polymorphic, amounted to 17.95%. 88 loci were detected in family B. 18 loci of them were polymorphic, amounted to 20.45%. In family A, the genetic distance between the paternal and the descendant was 0.045 0± 0.009 3, the genetic distance between the maternal and the descendant was 0.057 0±0.008 7, the genetic distance between 30 descendants was 0.028 3±0.009 5; In family B, the genetic distance among the paternal and the descendants was 0.052 3±0.012 4, between the maternal and the descendants was 0.064 1±0.013 2, the genetic distance between 28 descendants was 0.034±0.015 5. It can be concluded that, the genetic distance between the descendants was less than that between the parent and the descendants, the genetic variation of the former was lower.F test was studied between the parent and the descendants through genetic distance, the result showed that: F=15.01>F 0.001(3,112) =5.8, the differentiations between the parents and their descendants was more significant than the differentiations between the descendants themselves. A fragment related to sexuality was also found in the experiment, the paternal spectrum had a characteristic band of 1 200bp, but not in the maternal.