基于供求理论的农药最大残留限量标准过严的风险探讨

Risk Analysis of Excessively Rigorous Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides Based on the Supply and Demand Theory

农药最大残留限量标准是判别食品安全性的基础。研究农药最大残留限量标准制定过严可能产生的风险,对科学制定我国农药残留标准、保证食品安全和保护生态环境具有十分重要的现实意义。运用经济学的供求理论,从农户追求利润角度对农药残留标准制定过严可能产生的风险进行了深入分析。研究表明,在农产品质量信息不对称、市场监管不到位的情况下,农药最大残留限量标准制定过严,不但不能保护消费者身体健康和农业生态环境,反而有可能加剧农产品的农药残留问题泛滥。因此建议政府要尽快启动食品安全标准风险评估程序,合理评价农药最大残留限量标准的科学性,以消除食品安全管理隐患。

The standards of maximum residue limits for pesticides in food are bases to recognize food safety. It is very important for scientifically drafting pesticide residue limits standards, ensuring customers＇ food safety and protecting ecosystem to research the risk of excessively rigorous deviation of the Chinese national standards of pesticide residues in food. This paper applied the supply and demand theory to deeply analyze possible risk of excessively rigorous pesticide residue standards from the view of faraaers seeking economic profit. It was concluded that the excessively rigorous pesticide residue standards could not protect customers＇ health and ecosystem, on the contrary, could encourage farmers to abuse pesticides when the quality information of agri-food was not full and the market supervision was not effective. Therefore our government should set up the program of food safety assessment and scientifically evaluate the rationality of the national standards of pesticide residue limits in food in order to clear up the trouble of food safety management.