中国大学章程建设的历程与形态

The Progress and the Form of University Statutes in China

大学章程是大学治理的基础,从《奏拟京师大学堂章程》到《国立北京大学组织大纲》,从《高等学校暂行规程》到《北京大学章程》起草、从宋代的书院规程到20世纪前半叶的现代中国大学章程以及20世纪后半叶以来的大学立法和章程建设、台湾、香港、澳门等地区大学的章程及大学治理等,中国两岸四地的大学从其章程建设的历程来看,尽管才百余年的现代发展史,却浓缩了古今中外大学治理的思想和机制,呈现出不同的结构形态,不但为中国的大学治理提供了中国自己的道路和经验,还对大学治理的依据、长期发展的基础、世界水准大学的建设有了更加清楚的认识。

The governance/administration of a university is based on its Statute.It has been more than a century since China began to draw up university Statutes for its universities. This paper conducted a comparison of historical documents including A Proposal of the Draft of Charter for the Imperial University of Peking,Organizational Outline of National Peking University,Tentative Specifications of Colleges and Universities and Statute of Peking University,as well as regulations of Chinese academies in Song Dynasty and the Statutes of modern Chinese universities in the first half of the 20th century. Meanwhile,this paper also examined the legislation and construction of university Statutes in the mainland of China,Taiwan,Hong Kong and Macao.All these constructions of university Statutes presented various structural forms and integrated thoughts of university governance at all different times.The development of university Statutes not only provides experience for the governance of universities in China,but also improves our understanding of the foundation of university governance,the basis of its long-term development,and the building of world-class universities.