乡规民约何时出现——一个关于乡村治理的分析框架

When Did Village Rules First Appear:A Analytical Framework about Rural Governance

学界对乡规民约的研究已经连篇累牍,但关于成文化的乡规民约何时出现仍颇有争议,大多学者倾向于认为北宋时期出现的《吕氏乡约》为最早的乡规民约,也有学者认为东汉已然出现早期的乡规民约,以1974年在湖北江陵凤凰山十号汉墓中出土的一枚汉景帝初年的《中舨共侍约》的木牍为文本,在分析西汉乡村农业生产水平和方式的基础上,对最早出现的乡规民约提出新的解读,认为成文化的乡规民约早在西汉时期就已经出现了。

The previous studies are full of discussions on folk rules. However, when the first written form of folk rules came into being is still a controversial topic. Most scholars tend to claim that the Folk Rule of LU of the Northern Song Dynasty is the first rule in the history. Some scholars think that the first rule has come into being in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Based on the text of the wooden tablet The Rules for Medium-sized Businessmen ex- cavated from No. lO Han Tomb in Fenghuang Mountain of Jiangling in Hubei, this paper analyzes the production level and modes in the Western Han Dynasty, interprets the rules in a new way, and claims that the first rule has appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty