上海市三年鼠情监测结果分析

Analysis of the Results of A Three Years Monitoring Report on Rodents from Shanghai.

1986～1988年,对上海市进行了三年鼠情监测,观察到在市区、郊县室内以小家鼠为优势种,分别占捕获鼠总数的67.84%和46.08%;其次是黄胸鼠。郊县监测点的褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠构成比高于市区,这可能与郊县生态环境相关。从三年逐月鼠密度曲线分析,观察到城乡家鼠数量波动,在时间上分布的变动趋势基本一致,每年出现两个数量高峰;即春季(3～5月)和秋季(9～10月),有时一个波也分裂为2～3个小波。同时观察到,灭鼠运动对鼠密度的变动影响,如1988年市区灭鼠质量与深度优于郊县,致使城、乡鼠密度有明显差异(P>0.01)。

By a three years monitor of rodents in Shanghai from 1986 to 1988, it was found that Mus musculus was the dominant species whose proportions indoor of urban and rural districts were 67.84% and 46.08%, Rattus flavipectus was the second. The component proportions of R. norvegrcus and Apodemus agrarius in rural monitoring points were higher than those in urban district, this character was probably in relation to the rural ecological habitats. The curve of rodent densities of each month during three years shows that the tendencies of urban and rural commesal rodent population fluctuation were approximately the same. There were two peaks of population densities in spring (March-May) and fall (September-October), and sometimes 2-3 small waves diveded from a large one appear. The influence of eliminating rodent campaign on the variation of rodent density was also observed, for example, the quality and the degree of thoroughness of eliminating rodent in urban district were superior to rural district in 1988, it shows that the commesal rodent densities of urban district in lower than that the rural. The difference was vesy striking (P<0.01).