中国流行性出血热自然疫源地结构和传播机理研究——Ⅳ.不同来源毒株不同途径感染黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠实验研究

Studies on the Structure of Natural Infectious foci and Mechanism of Transmission of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever(EHF) Ⅳ. Experimental Studies on Apodemus Agrarius and Rattus Norvegicus Infected by Viral Strains From the Different Sources and the D

本实验为解决EHF病毒在中国EHF主要宿主动物种群中的传播途径问题,以及进一步研究阐明“鼠传人”的途径,在本室负压隔离器内进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠,对不同来源毒株(从黑线姬鼠分离的遵义后坝株和自永春褐家鼠分离的R26株)、不同感染途径(气溶胶、口饲、滴鼻和划皮)都能发生感染,从试鼠特异性IgG抗体产生滴度看,气溶胶易感染黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠。结果还显示,黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠对从本种分离的毒株更敏感。从褐家鼠产生的EHF IgG抗体滴度看,一般均低于黑线姬鼠,是否与感染量多少有关,有待进一步研究。本实验进一步证明,黑线姬鼠毒株和褐家鼠毒株,可致两种试鼠相互感染。由此可见,姬鼠型疫区演变为混合型疫区是必然趋势。基于此点,控制疫区褐家鼠数量,不仅能防止疫区蔓延扩大,且可阻断黑线姬鼠病毒传播给褐家鼠。因此,具有重要的流行病学意义。

This experiment is meant to solve the Approaches of transimission of the virus of EHF in population of principal host animals of EHF in China, in order to make a further study and explanation of the route of"the human beings being infected by mice", we have performed an experimental study in the Gnotoflex Isolalor in our lab. The Result of experiment indicates that Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus, can be infected by all viral strains from the different sources (Zun Yi Hou Kan's strains from Apodemus agrarius and R_(26)'s strains from Yong Chun's Rattus norvegicus) and the different infectious routes (aerosal, feeding, nasal drip, scarification). From titer produced by experimental mice's specific IgG antibody, we know that Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus are easier to be infected through aerosal, Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus are more clearly seen to be more sensitive to the viral strains from own races. From titer of IgG antibody of EHF produced by Rattus norvegicus, we know that the titer produced by Rattus norvegicus is lower than that by Apodemus agrarius, whether this has something to do with the infective dose, requires to be studied further. This experiment proves further that these two kinds of experimental mice can be infected mutually with strains of both Apodemus agrartus and Rattus norveglcus. From this result, it is inferred that infectious areas of Apodemus type will gradually change into infectious areas of mixed type is the inevitable tendency. According to this, contral the number of Rattus norvegicus in an infectious area, not only can prevent infectious areas from being spreaded and enlarged but also will have important epidemtological significances for Blocking transmision from Apodemus agrarius to Rattus norvegicus.