污染物减排政策效果比较——基于经济学视角

Comparison of Emission Reduction Policies——Based on Economic Perspective

我国政府已经把减少污染物排放作为约束性指标纳入到国家中长期发展战略之中,采取有效的污染物减排政策是中国缓解环境压力、实现经济社会可持续发展的重要手段。排污权交易制度是在总量管制的情况下,通过污染物排放权的分配,最终实现该区域总的排污量削减。本文从经济学的视角,研究了排污权交易的实施基础,并与行政强制性减排以及环境税减排进行了效率比较,结果表明排污权交易比单纯的行政强制性排污和环境税约束具有更高的市场效率以及灵活性,同时并不会降低整个社会的污染物排放效果。此外,从市场势力的影响、市场信息的影响、交易规则的影响等方面讨论了影响排污权交易市场效率的因素,对我国排污权交易市场的发展提出了相应的建议,为排污权交易市场的稳定运行提供了理论参考。

The Chinese government has been taking of reducing pollutants emissions as binding long-term targets into national development strategies.The effective emission reduction policies for pollutants are important approaches to reduce the environment pressures and to realize the sustainable development of society and economics.Emissions trading system is ultimately realize the region＇s total emissions reduction through the allocation of emission rights under the total emission control.From the economic perspective,the basis of the implementation of emissions trading is researched and the reducing efficiency among emission trading,administrative mandatory and environmental taxes are compared,the results show that emissions trading system has higher market efficiency and flexibility than purely administrative mandatory reduction and environmental taxes,at the same time it does not reduce the emissions effect of the whole community.The factors such as the impact of market forces,the impact of market information,and the impact of trading rules which affect the efficiency of emissions trading market are also be discussed,some suggestion for the development of China＇s emission trading market are brought and the theory of reference is also putted up for the stable operation of emissions trading market.