抽穗开花期高温对东北粳稻花粉育性及结实率的影响

Effects of High Temperature at Heading Stage on Pollen Fertility and Seed Setting Rate of Japonica Rice from Northeast China

以34份东北粳稻和对照耐热品种996、热敏感品种4628为材料,研究了抽穗开花期高温对其花粉育性和结实率的影响。结果表明:在花粉育性上,G 19、北04-20、东稻1号、龙粳5号下降较小,东农03-33、东农03-44、长白9号、龙粳21号、东稻2号、绥粳4号、长白10号、平粳8号下降较大;在结实率上,USSR 5、长白9号、长粒香、东稻2号、东农03-33、东农415-2、东农9213、合江195、吉粳3、千重浪2号、沈禾57号下降较小,08M8、G19、敦内稻、东稻1号、吉粳2、平粳8号下降较大;高温胁迫后结实率大于996的有东农03-33、USSR 5、吉粳3、东稻2号、东农415-1、合江195,其中单株产量合江195>东农415-1>东农03-33>USSR 5>996。并认为以绝对结实率作为水稻耐热性筛选指标较好。

A total of 34 varieties of japonica rice from northeast China were taken as experimental materials and the indica varieties of thermotolerant cultivar 996 and thermosensitive cultivar 4628 were taken as control to study the effects of high temperature at heading stage on pollen fertility and seed setting rate. The results indicated that for pollen fertility, G 19, Bei 04-20, Dongdao 1, Dongnong 428 and Qianchonglang 2 reduced in a small range, while Dongnong 03-33, Dongnong 03-44, Changbai 9, Longjing 21, Dongdao 2, Suijing 4, Changbai 10 and Pingjing 8 reduced in a large range; for seed setting rate, USSR 5, Changbai 9, Changlixiang, Dongdao 2, Dongnong 03-33, Dongnong 415-2, Dongnong 9213, Hejiang 195,Jijing 3, Qianchonglang 2 and Shenhe 57 reduced little, while 08M8, G 19, Dunneidao, Dongdao 1, Jijing 2, Pingiing 8 reduced much. After high temperature stress, the seed setting rate of some varieties was higher than that of eultivar 996, included Dongnong 03-33, USSR 5, Jijing 3, Dongdao 2, Dongnong 415-1 and Hejiang 195; the order of yield per plant was Hejiang 195〉Dong nong 415-1〉Dongnong 03-33〉USSR 5〉996. It is considered that the key trait for selection of thermotolerant rice plant should be absolute seed setting rate.