下降到城邦的哲学——柏拉图《帕默尼德》的开篇

The Philosophy Descending to the City:the Opening of Plato's Parmenides

《帕默尼德》被称做柏拉图最难解的对话之一,前后两个部分在形式与内容上看似极不平衡,纯哲学的逻辑讨论包裹在戏剧情节下,开篇的情节看似离题,实则是理解第二部分的钥匙。开篇戏剧场景的设置包含了柏拉图对哲学基本处境的深刻洞察。在《帕默尼德》的开场,克拉佐枚奈的爱智者与埃利亚的爱智者都被置于雅典城邦的政治中心,哲学的探问处于宗教节庆的背景之下。

The Parmenides whose two parts seem extremely unbalanced in form and in content is considered one of the most difficult dialogues of Plato： its opening plot appears a diversion with the pure philosophical discussion of logos wrapping in dramatic acts, but in fact it offers a key to the understanding of the second part. The designing of the opening dramatic scene has involved Plato＇s deep insight into the basic situation of philosophy. In the opening of the Parmenides, the philosophers of Clazomenae and the Eleatic philosophers are placed in the political center of the Athenian city, signifying that philosophical inquiry is placed in the context of religious festival.