不同性别学龄前儿童行为问题影响因素的调查

Factors of behavior problems between different genders of preschool children in Changsha

【目的】通过对长沙市学龄前儿童行为问题的调查,探讨不同性别儿童行为问题的影响因素,为早期预防和早期干预提供依据。【方法】在长沙市5个行政辖区随机抽取854例3～5岁儿童,由家长完成受试儿童的Conners父母症状问卷和自行设计的儿童行为问题影响因素问卷。【结果】长沙市学龄前儿童行为问题总检出率为20.4%,男童检出率明显高于女童(P<0.001)。影响男童行为问题的因素有喂养方式、是否奶瓶喂奶、儿童食欲、孕期疾病、产后情绪、父母关系、母亲情绪、教育态度、教育方式、看护人变更、父亲说梦话、母亲说梦话、小儿睡觉辗转不安;影响女童行为问题的因素有有无参加特长培训、夜睡时间长短、睡前30min是否做游戏、睡前情绪、既往是否经常感冒、近一年生病情况、饮食是否规律、父母关系、母亲情绪、产后情绪、早产。【结论】男女儿童行为问题的发生率存在差异,且其影响因素也各有不同,在实际工作中需引起重视。

【Objective】 To investigate the behavior problems and factors between different genders of preschool children in Changsha. 【Method】 A total of 854 children aged 3~5 years were randomly sampled from 5 districts in Changsha and their parents completed the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and the factors questionnaire respectively. 【Results】 The prevalence of behavior problems was 20.4%,in which 28.1% for boys and 12.4% for girls,and there was significant difference between boys and girls（P〈0.001）.The factors infulencing behavior of boys were feeding patterns,bottle feeding,the appetite,diseases in pregnancy,postpartum mood,relationship between parents,mother＇s emotion,educational attitudes,educational patterns,changes of caregiver,father sleep talking,mother sleep talking,restless sleep of child;while the girls influencing factors contained attending special skill training class,night sleep duration,playing games before go to sleep,the mood before sleeping,history of having colds,illnesses in last year of child,whether eating regularly,relationship between parents,mother＇s emotion,postpartum mood,preterm birth. 【Conclusion】 There is difference in gender between the prevalence and factors of behavior problems,and it＇s worth paying attention in practical work.