兴凯湖翘嘴鲌胚胎和仔鱼发育的研究

Research on embryonic and larvae development of Culter alburnus of Xingkai Lake

用活体连续观察法描述兴凯湖翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)早期发育(从受精卵至4日龄仔鱼)的形态特征。将其与部分同属的鱼类胚胎发育进行了对比分析,并在受精卵的形态、孵化有效积温、初孵仔鱼大小及群体差异等方面进行初步的讨论。结果表明,兴凯湖翘嘴鲌的胚胎发育时序和特征符合鲌属鱼类胚胎发育的一般规律。兴凯湖翘嘴鲌的成熟卵呈淡黄绿色或青灰色,无粘性,为半浮性卵,卵径为(1.13±0.21)mm,吸水膨胀后卵径达(4.75±0.32)mm。从受精卵到仔鱼出膜可分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、胚体形成期4个主要阶段,22个发育时期。当水温为(26.8±0.5)℃时,从受精到完全孵出需22.5 h,积温为603.00℃.h。初孵仔鱼全长(3.98±0.37)mm。开口摄食时全长达(5.47±0.26)mm,此时鳔出现黑色素,卵黄囊几乎消失,消化道发育完整,鳍分化。

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristic of the early development stages（fertilized eggs-4 day-old） of Culter alburnus of Xingkai Lake by continuous in vivo observation of embryo.Compared the embryonic development with other fishes,the fertilized eggs shape,accumulated temperature,the total length of newly hatched larvae and group differences of Culter alburnus of Xingkai Lake were discussed in details.The results showed that the characteristics of embryonic development were consistent with the general rules of the Culter.The fertilized eggs light of Culter alburnus of Xingkai Lake was yellow-green or blue-grey in color,not sticky and a half-pelagic eggs.Fertilized eggs were（1.13±0.21） mm in diameter,which was able to（4.75±0.32） mm after hydration.From fertilized eggs to newly hatched larvae,the time could be divided into 4 main stages,including cleavage stage,blastula stage,gastrula stage and formation of embryo stage,with total 22 embryonic development stages.When the temperature of water was（26.8±0.5） ℃,larvae was hatched in 22.5 h,when the embryonic development accumulated the temperature was 603.00 ℃·h.The newly hatched larvae had the total length of（3.98±0.37） mm.and reached（5.47±0.26） mm after initial feeding,Maw pigment formation,Yolk sac almost disappeared,fully developed digestive tract,fin differentiation