清代中晚期乡官议设初探

On Establishment of Rural Official System in Middle and Late Qing Dynasty

清代中叶开始就不时有人提出恢复古代的"乡官"制度,将国家职官体系延伸到县以下的基层社会,对其实施更为有效的控制。然而,"乡官"筹议始终停留在朝野话题的层面上,而未得到实施。时至晚清,随着西方地方自治思潮的传入,一部分知识分子开始主张将西式地方自治与传统的"乡官"制度嫁接起来,改善基层治理。

From middle Qing Dynasty,on the purpose of extending the bureaucratic system of the country the grass-roots society and implementing more effective control,some people proposed to restore the ancient rural official institution.But the proposal received no result.Until late Qing Dynasty,with the incoming of western local autonomy thought,promoting the reform of Chinese traditional grass-roots governance model by combination of western local autonomy theory and the ancient rural official system became social thought.