族籍变更与民族文化认同——以恩施州的侗族乡为例

Ethnic Origin and National Cultural Identity Change——Taking the Dong Village of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous as an Example

我国的民族识别经过了四个阶段,其中"文革"后的民族识别、重建工作是其第四阶段。在这个阶段,地方政府依据村民族籍可变更的政策,更改了村民的族籍。族籍变更初期,由于民族文化集体记忆的碎片化,以及村民还处在追求基本的生存需要阶段,因此民族文化认同较弱。21世纪,当文化作为一种资源渗透到经济领域时,民族文化便成了人们休闲消费的需要。在这种背景下,侗族乡尝试利用侗族文化来发展乡村旅游。在政府主导、大众媒介广泛宣传下,枫村自觉接受重构了的侗族文化符号,为村民建构了集体记忆;在与外来游人的互动中逐渐产生了较强的民族文化认同。

Our country＇s nationality distinguished passed through four stages, including ＂the Great Cultural Revolution＂. The nationality distinction and reconstruction belongs to its fourth stage. In this stage, the local government used the national policy about villager＇s ethnic origin to change theirs. The ethnic origin changed initial period, as a result of the ethnic culture and collective memory was fragment, as well as the villagers were also in pursues the most basic survival need, therefore the ethnic culture identity is weak. In the 21st century, when the culture takes one resources seep to the economic domain, the ethnic culture has then become the need which the people leisure expends. In this context, the Dong culture has been used to develop the village traveling. The government leads, the mass media widespread, the villagers accepted that have restructured the Dong＇s collective memory for the villagers. At the same, they interacted with visitors which have had the strong ethic culture identity gradually.