一种简易兔心肌梗死模型的建立

A Simple Rabbit Model of Myocardial Infarction

目的：探讨一种建立兔急性心肌梗死（MI）模型的简易方法。方法：健康成年雌兔20只,在无气管插管和呼吸机的情况下,正中纵行剪开下段胸骨,同时保持肋骨和胸膜腔完整,在左心耳缘下5~10mm内缝扎左室支（LVB）,建立MI模型,结扎LVB30min后查心电图（ECG）。4周后,行ECG、心脏彩超检查。符合MI心脏彩超和ECG造模成功标准的兔,视为造模成功;并制作心肌病理切片,行HE染色、Masson三色染色,观察病理变化。结果：结扎LVB后,兔ECG出现心肌缺血改变;术后4周动物存活率85%,造模成功率70%,左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末内径（LVESD）、左室缩短分数（LVFS）与术前差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,病理切片显示心肌梗死。结论：采用纵剪胸骨下段、结扎LVB的方法制作兔MI模型,该方法具有操作简便、模型可靠、成功率高、重复性好、术后能长期存活的优点。

Objective：To prepare a simple,reliable rabbit myocardial infarction model.Methods：Carefully incising the lower sternums of 20 healthy adult female rabbits along the midline,without endotracheal intubation and ventilator,maintaining the integrity of the ribs and pleural cavity,and ligated left ventricular branch at 5~10 mm below the left atrial appendage,to establish the model of myocardial infarction.4 weeks later,the survival rabbits were detected by the ECG and echocardiography.Rabbits which complied with the model standard of the ECG and echocardiography were considered as successful MI models.Made some myocardial pathological biopsy,stained with HE and Masson trichrome,then,observing pathological changes.Results：14 rabbits had myocardial ischemia changes in ECG and decreased cardiac function in echocardiography 4 weeks after ligation of LVB.The survival rate and success rate of model rabbits were 85% and 70% after postoperative 4 weeks respectively.The statistically significant differences were found in the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,left ventricular end-systolic diameter,and left ventricular fractional shortening,compared with preoperative（P0.05）.There were some infracted myocardiums in the biopsies.Conclusion：This method incising the lower sternums and ligating the left ventricular branch can successfully produce a rabbit model of myocardial infarction,with many advantages such as easy operation,high successful rate,good reproducibility,long-term survival after surgery.