注意缺陷多动障碍依恋代际传递性的初步探讨

A preliminary study of intergenerational transmission of attachment of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿依恋与父母依恋的关系。方法采用横断面调查,病例对照研究设计,以方便取样的方法在门诊选择ADHD患儿家庭共51个(ADHD组),同时按照年龄相匹配的原则抽取102名正常儿童及其父母作为正常对照组,用青少年依恋问卷和亲密关系经历量表中文版分别对两组儿童及父母施测。统计分析两组儿童家庭依恋各维度与父母依恋各维度的相关性,以及两组相关系数的差异。结果ADHD组患儿的家庭依恋亲和性维度与母亲的依恋焦虑维度呈正相关(r=0.292,P<0.05),患儿其他依恋维度与父母依恋各维度的相关均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。相关系数假设检验显示,儿童的家庭依恋焦虑性维度与母亲的依恋回避维度在ADHD组呈正相关(r=0.272,P<0.05),而在正常组呈负相关(r=-0.104,P<0.05),两个相关系数具有明显的差异(Z=2.180,P<0.05);两组儿童其他依恋维度与父母依恋维度的相关系数无明显差异(均P>0.05)。结论 ADHD患儿的依恋与父母的依恋有部分相关,各相关关系与正常对照组比较大多无明显差异。

Objective To explore the relationship between attachment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and parental attachment. Methods A total of 51 outpatients with ADHD and their parents （ ADHD group） , and 102 normal children and their parents （control group） matched by age were recruited in the cross-sectional designed study. All the children and their parents were assessed with Adolescent Attachment Inventory and Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory-Chinese version. The correlation between children attachment and parental attachment was analyzed, as well as the difference of correlation coefficient between the two groups. Results In ADHD group, security dimension of children attachment was positively related with maternal attachment anxiety dimension （ r = 0. 292, P 〈 0.05 ） , while no significant association was found between other attachment dimensions between children and their parents （P 〉 0.05 ）. Correlation coefficient hypothesis test showed that there was positive correlation in ADHD group （r = 0. 272 ,P 〈 0.05） and negative correlation in control group （r = -0. 104, P 〈 0.05 ） between anxiety dimension of children attachment and avoidance dimension of maternal attachment, and the two correlation coefficient differed significantly （Z = 2. 180, P 〈 0.05 ）. No significant differences were found in other correlation coefficients between children attachment and parental attachment in the two groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion There are some correlations between ADHD children attachement and parental attachment. No significant differences are found in correlativity when compared with healthy controls.