犯罪被害人过错立法与司法规制

Legislation and Judicial Regulation of Victims' Fault

在我国,犯罪被害人过错属于酌定量刑情节,法官在适用这一情节时自由裁量权较大,各地法院对犯罪被害人过错案件的审判结果差异性明显,这种现状要求我们对犯罪被害人过错进行规范化。在立法上,明确规定犯罪被害人过错行为的内涵为违法或者违背道德且侵害了被告人正当权益或者社会公共利益的行为,将犯罪被害人明显过错和重大过错作为从轻或者减轻处罚量刑情节在刑法总则中设置;在司法文件中统一规定犯罪被害人过错从宽量刑的幅度,出台司法解释、发布指导性案例,对犯罪被害人过错进行细化规制。

In our country, victims＇ fault is taken as a plot of discretionary circumstances of sentencing and discretionary power is wide when judges apply it, Thus the result about these cases is different in different districts, so victims＇ fault needs to be normalized. The legislation gives the definition of victims＇ fault or the behavior of the victims which has violated morality and public interests. Furthermore, the obvious and serious fault of victims should be considered as a plot of lesser or mitigation punishment in the general rules of our general criminal law. In the judicial documents of such cases, the extent of lenient circumstances of sentencing should be regulated. Besides, judicial interpretation should be introduced, guiding cases should be issued and fault of victims should be detailed in regulations.