先秦时间副词的特点及其发展

Characteristics and Evolution of Time Adverbs in Pre-Qin Era

重新界定时间副词的基础上选取殷商到战国的有关语料分析先秦的时间副词表明:先秦时间副词中单音节词占多数但双音节词有所发展,词的义位很多且所兼功能复杂,表示过去的时间副词远较表示现在和未来的丰富,表示快速和频度高的时间副词远多于表示缓慢和频度低的。这缘于早期时间副词发展处于较低阶段和史料缺乏。

Based on the redefinition of time-adverbs conception an analysis on relative corpus from Shang Dynasty to Warring States Period indicates that in Pre-Qin Era disyllable time adverbs develop with monosyllabic word majority,the words contain many semantic units and more complex function involved,those expressing the past are more abundant than the ones meaning the present and future,the ones of representing speedy and high frequency exceed those of slowness and low frequency.All these result from early time adverbs in an inferior development stage and shortage of historical materials.