云南高原湖泊湿地植物群落分布规律研究

Characteristics of the Distribution of Plant Community in Lakeshore Wetland of Yunnan Plateau

[目的]研究云南高原湖泊湿地植物群落分布规律。[方法]以云南高原地区的若干湖泊为例,探讨了云南高原湖泊湿地水生植被的分布特征及规律,并分析了云南高原湖泊湿地的退化现状及原因。[结果]云南高原湿地水生植物种类减少,物种多样性和生物总量下降;耐肥耐污、适应性强、繁殖快的植被易形成单优群落;一些具有代表性、对污染敏感的植被退化甚至灭绝。这反映了云南高原湖泊湿地水质发生变化、污染加重、水体富营养化、湿地陆地化进程加速等现象。造成云南高原湖泊湿地退化、生物多样性下降的主要原因有人口压力增加、工农业发展、城市化进程加快、不合理的开发和过度开采、水体富营养化等。[结论]该研究为高原湖泊湿地的保护、环境评价和可持续发展提供了理论依据。

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the distribution of plant community in lakeshore wetland of Yunnan Plateau.[Method] Taking several lakes in Yunnan Plateau as example,the distribution characteristics and rules of plant community in lakeshore wetland of Yunnan Plateau were discussed.The degradation and causes of lakeshore wetland were analyzed.[Result] The wetland plants were characterized by reduction of the aquatic plant species,the decline of the species diversity and the biomass.Fast breeding vegetation with high fat and pollution tolerance,strong adaptability was easy to form a single optimal community.Some representative and sensitive to pollution plants deteriorated or destroyed.These phenomena reflected the changes of water quality,the worse pollution,eutrophication and the acceleration of turning wetland to land.The causes of wetland degradation and biodiversity included increase of population pressure,industrial and agricultural development,advance of urbanization,unreasonable cultivation,over-exploitation and eutrophication,etc.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the protection,environment evaluation and sustainable development of lakeshore wetland.