洪水保险的政府运营模式:美国洪水保险计划的实践和启示

Government-run Flood Insurance:Lessons from the US National Flood Insurance Program

洪水灾害是我国主要的自然灾害之一,然而洪水保险制度在我国却迟迟未能建立。纵观国际上洪水风险管理体系较为成功的国家和地区,以美国为代表的政府主导型洪水保险制度对我国有着重要的启示。通过对美国洪水保险计划(NFIP)的法制发展、运营现状、模式特色,以及出现的问题等方面的分析,我们认为,政府主导的洪水保险模式是我国洪水风险管理的可行模式之一;在洪灾风险管理体系中,洪水保险立法应作为重要的制度基础;在洪水保险计划的实施中,可靠的技术分析以及充分利用商业保险渠道是运营成功的关键。

Floods are some of the worst natural disasters that plague China,yet so far government-run flood insurance is a nonentity in the country.Among nations that feature strong government intervention in managing the risks of floods,the United States,with its National Flood Insurance Program（NFIP）,has much to teach us.We look at NFIP＇s legal development,current conditions,operational features and the challenges it faced.We find that government-initiated flood insurance is a viable model to manage China＇s flood risks.Furthermore,devising and enforcing regulations is pivotal to establishing a sound flood risks management system;in the successful implementation of a national insurance scheme,reliable technical analysis and full use of the commercial insurance sector plays a key role.