鲁迅《呐喊》中“文”与“白”的文化身份隐喻

Cultural Identity in the Metaphorical Use of Literary and Vernacular Languages in Lu Xun's Call to Arms

语言变革是一个时代文化思想领域开放或保守的风向标。五四到三十年代的"文白之争"不仅关涉文学的革故鼎新,也涉及怎么论定上层建筑、知识者与布衣的话语权及其文化身份的问题,也是文化转型关头怎么看待民族认同这一"大身份"问题的缩略版。作为思想个体,鲁迅对语言嬗变蕴涵的知识者文化身份的认识极其复杂,如《呐喊》既呈示了语言变革与身份转换的复杂景观,也体现出文化启蒙的悖论性。研究其中"文"与"白"的文化身份隐喻,有助于认识中国文化-文学现代转型的广阔性和复杂性,辨析知识与权力的离散与勾结,对理清文学史与思想史的深刻关联也有重要启示意义。

From the May Fourth Movement to the 1930＇s in China arose a controversy over the use of literary language or vernacular language in writings,a controversy that was involved not only with the literary innovation of the period,but also with the cultural identity of the writers at the moment of cultural transformation.As a thinker and a writer,Lu Xun also expressed his ideas about the use of different expressions in his Call to Arms,hinting at an ambiguous position in this respect on the part of the author.A study on his metaphorical use of literary and vernacular languages,therefore,is conducive to the understanding of the complexity of the transformation of Chinese culture as well as the relation between the history of Chinese literature and that of Chinese ideology.