高血压心理影响因素的病例对照研究

Case-control study of psychological risk factors on hypertension

目的探讨高血压患者焦虑、抑郁状况及其相关危险因素,为高血压的预防提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照的流行病学方法,选取高血压住院患者143例作为病例组,同时选取性别年龄等与病例组相匹配的健康个体125例作为对照组。采用自行设计的问卷对研究对象进行调查,并用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对其焦虑和抑郁状况进行测评。结果多因素非条件logistic回归分析筛选出高血压的危险因素和保护因素,危险因素分别是年龄(OR=2.811)、人均月收入(OR=2.491)、职业紧张度(OR=3.800)、BMI(OR=2.679)、咸菜(OR=2.616)、主食以米为主(OR=14.039)、主食以面为主(OR=19.811)、性格(OR=5.185)、脾气(OR=2.239)、焦虑(OR=5.662),保护因素分别是饮茶(OR=0.239)、加强运动(OR=0.637)。结论高血压是多因素共同作用的结果,高血压的防治应采取综合措施。

[Objective]To explore the associated risk factors that resulted in hypertension,and provide scientific evidence for the disease control and prevention.[Methods]Case-control study was applied.A total of 143 inpatients with hypertension were selected as case group,while another 123 healthy individuals with matched gender and age of patients were recruited as control group.Self-designed questionnaire were used for investigation.The anxiety and depression status were estimated by self-rating depression scale（SDS）,self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）.[Results]Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis suggested that the risk factors were associated with age groups（OR=2.811）,monthly income per capita（OR=2.491）,occupation tensity（OR=3.800）,BMI（OR=2.679）,intake of pickles（OR=2.616）,rice for principal foods（OR=32.710）,staple foods from wheat source（OR=19.811）,personality（OR=5.185）,temperament（OR=2.239）,anxiety（OR=5.662）,（OR1,P0.05）,whereas tea drinking（OR=0.239） and aggressive exercise（OR=0.637） were the protective factors.[Conclusion]Hypertension may be caused by many kinds facors,and the prevention of hypertension should adopt comprehensive measures.